Muthu a 54 year old agriculture
labourer travelled from his native village for 3 hours and reached the health
centre. He was experiencing loose stools and vomiting for the past two days. He
had ten to fifteen bouts of loose stools and around ten episodes of vomiting.
Earlier, two days ago he had consumed food in a public place.
At
the health centre his eyes were found to be sunken, he had a rapid thready
pulse and his blood pressure was towards the lower side.
Vomiting
was treated with an injection. Microscopic examination of his stool sample
showed presence of diarhoea causing organisms. After the vomiting was
controlled he was started on medicines for the bowel infection.
He
was soon started on a solution which mainly was made up of clean water and sodium
and glucose. After remaining in the health centre overnight he was started on a
bland diet and sent home to his village.
Infection of the
gastro intestinal tract caused diarhoea and vomiting. Not only was there a loss of fluid; there was also a lack of absorption from the intestines
leading to shrinkage of body fluid compartments.
1. Loose stools and vomiting
brought Muthu to the health centre. Vomitus and stools belong to which body
fluid compartment?
2. List the other body fluid compartments?
3. Discuss the physiological basis
for giving him sodium and glucose together.
4. Trace in sequence the body
fluid compartments that sodium and glucose enter.
5. Mention the body fluid
compartment of sodium.
6. Mention the body fluid
compartment of glucose.
7.
Rapid
pulse indicates that the heart was responding and ensuring enough blood flow to
the tissues. Adrenaline must have played a role here. Mention the adrenergic
cell membrane protein involved.
8.
As
adrenaline acts on the adrenergic cell membrane protein it is considered to be
the first messenger. The second messenger has a role inside the cell. List
three second messengers.
9.
Name the first second messenger to be
discovered. Mention its mechanism of action.
ANSWER KEY
WORDS
1. Loose stools and vomiting
brought Muthu to the health centre. Vomitus and stools belong to which body
fluid compartment?
2. List the other body fluid compartments?
- Intercellular fluid
compartment or interstitial fluid or interstitium or I.F.
- Intravascular
compartment or vascular compartment or blood
- Extra-cellular fluid
compartment or extra-cellular fluid or ECF
3. Discuss the physiological basis
for giving him sodium and glucose. Sodium-glucose co-transporters
(cell membrane protein) on the lumen side of the mucosal intestinal cells
(enterocyte cells), one site for each sodium and glucose,configurational change
of the carrier molecule, internalization of the two vital solute molecules.
4. Trace in sequence the body
fluid compartments that sodium and glucose enter.
-transcellular fluid, intracellular
fluid, interstitium, vascular compartment,
5. Mention the body fluid
compartment of sodium.
ECF (also transcellular fluid compartment)
6. Mention the body fluid
compartment of glucose.
-intracellular body fluid
compartment
7. Rapid pulse indicates that the heart was
responding and ensuring enough blood
flow
to the tissues. Adrenaline must have played a role here. Mention the
adrenergic cell membrane protein involved.
8.
As
adrenaline acts on the adrenergic cell membrane protein it is considered
to
be the first messenger. The second messenger
has a role inside the cell. List
three second messengers.
-cAMP
-IP3
-Ca++
-DAG
9. Name the first second messenger
to be discovered. Mention its mechanism of action.
cAMP, altering cell
function, increasing secretion, opening ion channels
No comments:
Post a Comment